Lesson

The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a valuation ratio used to determine the relative value of a company's shares. It is calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share (EPS). A high P/E ratio indicates that investors expect high earnings growth. In contrast, a low P/E ratio suggests that the stock may be undervalued or that investors expect lower earnings growth.

Practice Question #1

Which of the following best describes the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio?

Options

Select an option above to see an explanation here.

Terms

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio:
A valuation ratio calculated by dividing the market price per share by the earnings per share (EPS).
Earnings Per Share (EPS):
A company's net income divided by the number of outstanding shares of its common stock.
Valuation:
The process of determining the current worth of an asset or company.
Growth Stocks:
Stocks of companies with high expected growth in earnings.
Value Stocks:
Stocks of companies considered undervalued by the market.
Forward P/E:
A valuation ratio calculated using the estimated earnings per share for the next 12 months.
Trailing P/E:
A valuation ratio calculated using the earnings per share for the past 12 months.
PEG Ratio:
A valuation ratio that considers both the P/E ratio and the expected growth rate of a company.

Practice Question #2

Which of the following stocks is likely to have a higher P/E ratio?

Options

Select an option above to see an explanation here.

Do Not Confuse With

Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio:
A valuation ratio calculated by dividing the market price per share by the book value per share.

Practice Question #3

What is the main difference between the forward P/E ratio and the trailing P/E ratio?

Options

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Historical Example

In the late 1990s, technology stocks experienced a significant increase in their P/E ratios, as investors were expecting high future growth in earnings. This led to the dot-com bubble, which eventually burst in 2000, causing a significant decline in the stock market.

Practice Question #4

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Real-World Example

In 2021, the P/E ratio of the S&P 500 index reached an all-time high, driven by the strong performance of technology stocks during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Practice Question #5

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Rhyme

When P/E is high, growth's the reason why; when P/E is low, value's the way to go.

Practice Question #6

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Formulas to Remember

Price-to-Earnings (P/E) Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share (EPS)

Practice Question #7

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Formula Examples

Company ABC has a market price per share of $50 and reported earnings per share of $5. P/E Ratio = Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share P/E Ratio = $50 / $5 P/E Ratio = 10

Pitfalls to Remember

High P/E Ratio:
A high P/E ratio may indicate that the stock is overvalued or investors are expecting high future growth. It is essential to compare the P/E ratio with industry peers to determine if it is reasonable.
Negative Earnings:
The P/E ratio is not applicable when a company has negative earnings, as it would result in a negative or undefined P/E ratio.

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