Lesson

Margin accounts are a type of brokerage account that allows investors to borrow money from their broker to purchase securities. This leverage can amplify gains but also increase the risk of losses.

Practice Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a margin account?

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Terms

Margin Account:
A brokerage account that allows investors to borrow money from their broker to purchase securities.
Initial Margin:
The minimum amount of equity must be deposited to open a margin account.
Maintenance Margin:
The minimum amount of equity must be maintained in a margin account.
Margin Call:
A demand by a broker for an investor to deposit additional funds or securities to meet the maintenance margin requirement.
Margin Loan:
A broker borrows money to purchase securities in a margin account.
Margin Interest:
The interest a broker charges on the margin loan.
Marginable Securities:
Securities that can be purchased on margin, as determined by the Federal Reserve and the broker.
Regulation T:
A Federal Reserve Board regulation governing the amount of credit that brokerage firms may extend to customers to purchase securities, setting the initial margin requirement and payment rules on these transactions.

Practice Question #2

What is the primary difference between initial margin and maintenance margin?

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Do Not Confuse With

Cash Account:
A brokerage account where all transactions must be paid for in full without borrowing funds.

Practice Question #3

Which of the following is an example of leverage in a margin account?

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Historical Example

In the late 1920s, many investors used margin accounts to purchase stocks, contributing to the stock market bubble. When the market crashed in 1929, these investors faced margin calls and were forced to sell their stocks, further exacerbating the decline.

Practice Question #4

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Real-World Example

An investor opens a margin account with an initial deposit of $10,000. Next, they purchase $20,000 worth of stock, borrowing the additional $10,000 from their broker. If the stock's value increases by 10%, its equity increases to $12,000, resulting in a 20% return on its initial investment. However, if the stock's value decreases by 10%, their equity decreases to $8,000, resulting in a 20% loss on their initial investment.

Practice Question #5

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Rhyme

Margin accounts can amplify gains, but beware the risk it contains. Borrowed funds increase your stake, but losses too can escalate.

Practice Question #6

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Thresholds to Remember

- Regulation T: A Federal Reserve Board regulation governs the amount of credit brokerage firms, and dealers may extend to customers to purchase securities on margin. - Initial Margin Requirement: The minimum amount of equity must be deposited in a margin account, as set by Regulation T, currently at 50% of the purchase price. - Maintenance Margin Requirement: The minimum amount of equity must be maintained in a margin account, typically set at 25% for long positions and 30% for short positions.

Practice Question #7

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Threshold Examples

- Regulation T example: If a customer wants to purchase $10,000 worth of securities on margin, Regulation T requires the customer to deposit at least $5,000 (50% of the purchase price) in the margin account. - Initial Margin Requirement example: If a customer wants to buy $20,000 worth of securities on margin, the initial margin requirement would be $10,000 (50% of the purchase price). - Maintenance Margin Requirement example: If a customer has a long position worth $8,000 in a margin account, the maintenance margin requirement would be $2,000 (25% of the market value).

Pitfalls to Remember

- Margin Call:
If the equity in a margin account falls below the maintenance margin requirement, the brokerage firm may issue a margin call, requiring the customer to deposit additional funds or securities to meet the requirement, or the firm may liquidate the customer's position to cover the shortfall.

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